@article{oai:nichibun.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000248,
 author = {CRYNS, Frederik},
 journal = {Nichibunken Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {Rangakusha (Japanese scholars of Dutch learning) studied and translated numerous imported Dutch medical books in the late Edo period, but they have received less credit than they are due. It has been commonly supposed that they absorbed only practical knowledge, and were not acquainted with the scientific methodology or physiological ideas behind that knowledge. A closer look at some surviving medical manuscripts, however, reveals theopposite. This article focuses on the transmission of Western embryological ideas and their methodological background to Edo-period Japan, inparticular the translation by Tsuboi Shindō of Malpighi’s observations of fertilized eggs. These observations were cited in the Dutch translationof van Swieten’s Commentary on the Aphorisms of Herman Boerhaave, atheoretical medical treatise that was imported to Japan at that time and translated by Tsuboi. This article is composed of two sections. The first section situates Malpighi’s observations of fertilized eggs within the European medical context of that time and clarifies Tsuboi’s background knowledge.In the second section I have analyzed Tsuboi’s translation of Malpighi’sobservations and provided commentaries on the intellectual background of these passages.},
 pages = {55--89},
 title = {Translation of Western Embryological Thought in the Edo Period : Tsuboi Shindō and Malpighi’s Observations of Fertilized Eggs},
 volume = {17},
 year = {2005}
}