@article{oai:nichibun.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000264,
 author = {SCHAUWECKER, Detlev},
 journal = {Nichibunken Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {We find much research on political opposition by individuals and by groups in Japan during the 1930s and early 1940s, but criticism expressed by the Japanese people in general at that times has been little examined. In large part that is because it was indirect and veiled. This essay focuses on satiric comments about Japan’s rulers and the political situation. Such commentary could be neard in all parts of the country. Most of the material presented here is extracted from monthly reports of the Special High Police (Tokkō Keisatsu) between 1937 and 1944. Although many of the comments that ridiculed and criticized the authorities were ephemeral and did not find their way into mainstream discourse, satirical songs and parodic argot circulated in the same way political jokes did in the Western world. Wartime humor often was aimed at the emperor and his family. Cynicism arising out of the misery caused by war was widespread. Through political parody and satire, ordinary Japanese people could at least temporarily escape their burdens and misery, and recover some of the individual dignity the government had taken from them.},
 pages = {127--151},
 title = {Verbal Subversion and Satire in Japan, 1937-1945, as Documented by the Special High Police},
 volume = {15},
 year = {2003}
}