@article{oai:nichibun.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000320,
 author = {KAWAI, Hayao},
 journal = {Nichibunken Japan review : bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {The "ego" that was established in the modern era in Europe has furthered the development of science and technology and has aimed for a role as leader in today's world.  The Jungian analyst Erich Neumann believes that the modern ego has a unique existence within the world, and that the formation process of this ego is symbolically represented in fairy tales in which a male hero slays a monster and marries the woman who was taken captive.  He considers the monster to be an archetypal image of the marries the woman who was taken captive.  He considers the monster to be an archetypal image of the great mother, and points out the highly symbolic meaning of the union with the woman (in order words marriage between man and woman) that occurs after the symbolic matricide.
In contrast to this, there is also a world view that gives importance to the wisdom of the elderly rather than the powerful male image.  The East, for the most part, embraces this kind of thinking, but the image f the youth also becomes important to compensate this elder.  (Here the prime of life is omitted).  Likewise, it is not woman as a mate, but a mother image embracing everything which becomes important.  While maintaining East Asian traditions Japan has been influenced by European and American culture.  Although there are advantages to this, turmoil cannot be avoided.  That is reflected in the difficulties in present-day Japanese family relationships and expressed in the violent acts of sons toward their mothers.
In this essay the images of the elder and youth seen in Zen Oxherding Pictures are examined and compared with the man and woman in Western alchemical pictures, and the mode of consciousness in the West and East as well as related issues are discussed.  The modern Western ego is powerful, and in that respect is unrivaled, but it also has a side which is isolated from and suppresses the other.  In this regard, by considering the consciousness symbolized in the image of youth, woman, and elder, and by clarifying the various mutual relationships, I think it may be possible to discover a fruitful way of life.},
 pages = {3--27},
 title = {A Perspective on Archetypes and the Japanese Consciousness : the Elder, Youth, Male, and Female Archetypes},
 volume = {9},
 year = {1997}
}