@article{oai:nichibun.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000398,
 author = {KENT, Pauline},
 journal = {Nichibunken Japan review : bulletin of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {Ever since Ruth Benedict used the term 'shame culture' in her book, The Chrysanthemum and the Sword (1946) to describe the culture of the Japanese, discussions concerning them have periodically employed both the term 'shame culture' and the concept of shame to explain certain characteristics of the Japanese people.  Although the term has not been used to a great extent in English language literature, and in fact has been tabooed as a method of characterizing whole cultures by most anthropologists and those psychologists involved in the study of shame, it has nevertheless tended to be used both directly and indirectly in much  of the literature called Nihonjinron.  Little empirical study, however, has been conducted on shame in Japan.  Therefore when the Japanese word for shame, haji, was given prominence in reports by the media covering the recent spate of political scandals in Japan, it was decided to include questions on just what people thought shame meant in an detailed questionnaire being conducted on the voter's perceptions of local politicians and their policies.},
 pages = {97--130},
 title = {Shame as a Social Sanction in Japan : Shameful Behaviour as Perceived by the Voting Public},
 volume = {3},
 year = {1992}
}