@article{oai:nichibun.repo.nii.ac.jp:00007287,
 author = {SOYAMA, Takeshi},
 journal = {Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies},
 month = {},
 note = {Shūgaku ryokō were originally established by Tokyo Normal School, a national teacher training school, in the mid-Meiji period. At the beginning, these excursions were educational trips involving overnight stays, and combined military-style marching, called kōgun, with naturalistic observation. Subsequently, normal schools and middle schools nationwide adopted this type of school trip. Later, marching was replaced with train travel, and military training was separated from school excursions, resulting in a touristic form of shūgaku ryokō, which was then maintained by schools around Japan over the Taishō and Shōwa periods. Although a boom in shūgaku ryokō in Manchuria and Korea occurred after the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), and a form of shūgaku ryokō ostensibly aimed at the veneration of deities and ancestors emerged under the wartime regime, touristic practices and motivations continued to underlie it. This paper argues that the touristic shūgaku ryokō were maintained from the mid-Meiji period to the 1970s because they were continuously supported by students, parents, teachers, and contemporary society. Two major factors were behind such widespread support: first, shūgaku ryokō provided a wide range of people with opportunities to experience tourism; and second, teachers and students continued to value the recreation and friendship that they enjoyed through such excursions.},
 pages = {29--56},
 title = {School Excursions and Militarism : Continuities in Touristic Shūgaku Ryokō from the Meiji Period to the Postwar},
 volume = {33},
 year = {2019}
}