@article{oai:nichibun.repo.nii.ac.jp:00007289,
 author = {OIKAWA, Yoshinobu},
 journal = {Japan review : Journal of the International Research Center for Japanese Studies},
 month = {},
 note = {Through analysis of changes in the passenger transport policies of national rail from the Russo-Japanese War to the Asia-Pacific War, this article provides insights into how war affected the shape of tourism, in particular rail-based tourism, of modern Japan. It finds that international tourism increased and domestic travel/tourism spread between the Russo-Japanese War and the interwar period, giving rise to Japan’s greatest pre-1945 tourism boom. This boom continued despite Japan’s deepening isolation in the 1930s following the Manchuria (Mukden) Incident and withdrawal from the League of Nations. Head of sales at the Railway Bureau’s Transportation Department, Kinoshita Yoshio, established a “business approach” to the transportation system, which put the promotion of leisure travel at the center of policy decisions. However, following the full-scale outbreak of the second Sino- Japanese War in 1937, the situation changed dramatically. Use of the rail network for military-related transportation surged, and long-distance limited express services, sleepers, and dining cars were phased out as the national railway switched to a national policy-oriented transportation system. While mountain climbing, pilgrimage to sacred sites, and other forms of travel were encouraged, the idea of “travel for the sake of travel” that underpinned the interwar tourism boom was abandoned. As this demonstrates, war was a productive force in the development of mass tourism—especially pleasure tourism—until the outbreak of full-scale war with China; but the beginning of the Asia-Pacific War, while giving rise to new forms of tourism seen to benefit the wartime state, had a generally restrictive effect on tourism.},
 pages = {87--115},
 title = {National Rail and Tourism from the Russo-Japanese War to the Asia-Pacific War : The Rise and Fall of a Business Approach to Rail Management},
 volume = {33},
 year = {2019}
}